Magnesium Stearate: Terrible Toxin or Innocuous Additive?
Categories: Health, Healthy Eating, Dear Healthy Foodie
PrintMagnesium Stearate: Terrible Toxin or Innocuous Additive?">
Hi Doug,
I have been hearing a bit about the dangers of magnesium stearate, found in, among other things, 95% of supplement/vitamin pills. Can you comment please?
J
Hi J,
This issue has raised a lot of debate in the supplement community as of late. A few supplement companies and health experts have begun claiming that the ingredient "magnesium stearate" is toxic. This has caused quite a stir because, as you've said, magnesium stearate is listed as an ingredient in the vast majority of vitamin supplements on the market. In fact, you'd be hard pressed to find a supplement in the health food store that doesn't contain this substance listed under "other ingredients" (I was).
Let me start off by saying that I have yet to find a definitive answer on the subject. Most of the articles you'll find on the internet about magnesium stearate are not only alarmist but wildly misinformed. Magnesium stearate is a compound that combines magnesium salts with stearic acid, a saturated fat found in nature. Most of the articles I found on magnesium stearate equated it as the same thing as stearic acid, which is not entirely true.
Stearic acid is an 18 carbon fatty acid. That's it. It isn't necessarily hydrogenated (although it is possible to create stearic acid through hydrogenation) and it is found in many of the natural foods you likely eat regularly including poultry, fish, meat, eggs, butter, milk products, grains, cocoa, coconut and many others. Stearic acid, when natural and not the result of hydrogenation, is actually considered one of the healthier saturated fats as it is one of the preferred fats as fuel for the heart and it can convert to oleic acid in the body, the healthy monounsaturated fat found in olive oil.
Magnesium stearate is a compound which incorporates stearic acid with a magnesium ion. According to Wikipedia, the resulting compound is generally considered safe for human consumption, although the material safety data sheet says exposure to large amounts (like those only found in the processing of the chemical, never the small amounts you'd find as food additives) can lead to skin irritation and liver toxicity. You may actually encounter this compound every time you bathe yourself - magnesium stearate is one of the components of those bathtub rings found in homes with hard water as soap reacts with the minerals in the water forming soap scum.
So why add this stuff to vitamin supplements? Magnesium stearate has a lubricating property that keeps the elements in vitamin supplements from sticking to the processing equipment or from clumping together. According to Byron Richards, nutritionist and operator of Wellness Resources, having a substance included in the processing of supplements is vital in ensuring the right quantity is actually getting into each supplement and not sticking to the machines or clumping to their neighbors. Without magnesium stearate, Richards says "certain active ingredients may otherwise adhere to machine parts and not get into your capsules in the desired amounts or at the stated dosage."
So the substance is useful, but is it harmful? This is where the debate comes in. Some supplement companies who do not include magnesium stearate have begun to demonize the substance, claiming it is hydrogenated, toxic and immunosuppressive. Again, Richards says, "bad mouthing magnesium stearate is nothing more than a sales pitch. It is extremely irresponsible. A review of the product quality of the companies making such claims often leaves much to be desired."
On the other side of the argument is Dr. Mercola, who says, "vitamin manufacturers are seriously conflicted and HIGHLY motivated to defend their use of [magnesium stearate]. They just are unwilling to invest the extra time effort and energy to protect people. Tragic. But fortunately everyone has a choice and if you vote with your pocketbook you can motivate them to change their practice and make their supplements safer for you and everyone else."
The claim that stearic acid suppresses the immune system is unfounded. As Richards points out, the study they're quoting actually has nothing to do with magnesium stearate in supplements but is actually a study on the effectiveness of a mixture of stearic acid, diatomaceous earth and bovine serum albumin as an immune suppressant for transplant patients. Although the title of the study "Molecular basis for the immunosuppressive action of stearic acid on T cells", sounds ominous, the study itself has nothing to do with magnesium stearate or even stearic acid itself. Studies on the saturated fat stearic acid have never reported it to have a negative effect on the immune system.
This fact alone makes me question the validity of the charges against magnesium stearate. The claim that it is the product of hydrogenation is also questionable. Stearic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid, but it may also be created through hydrogenation. I couldn't find definitive evidence that magnesium stearate is created using hydrogenated oil or not. It is unlikely that animal sources, which would likely already be saturated, would be hydrogenated but plant sourced magnesium stearate may or may not be. It may be up to the individual supplement company to source their magnesium stearate from companies not using hydrogenated oils in its production, but again, I'm not sure of this.
I wrote to David Rowland, nutritionist and operator of CNCVitamost supplements, to ask him about magnesium stearate in supplements. "The Merck Index (10th ed.) states that stearic acid occurs as a glyceride in tallow and other animal fats and oils, as well as in some vegetable oils – and that it can also be prepared synthetically by hydrogenating cottonseed and other vegetable oils. Merck doesn't state that all stearic acid is made by hydrogenation, only that some of it can be. Certainly, no responsible manufacturer of vitamins would use any hydrogenated product as a raw material – it would be counterproductive to the intended use of the product."
But alas, I have yet to find what I consider to be a truly definitive answer on the subject. I personally haven't changed my supplement taking behaviour as a result of what I've found researching this answer. Perhaps Richards sums it up best, "there is no human evidence or study that shows magnesium stearate is in any way harmful. To the contrary, its safety is well recognized throughout the industry." I leave it up to you to decide.
The Healthy Foodie is Doug DiPasquale, Holistic Nutritionist and trained chef, living in Toronto. You can email him with questions at dugdeep@gmail.com.
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Reader Comments (Page 1 of 2)
Marie 5-18-2009 @ 4:46PM
I use to take alot of vitamins & do have many problems with foods & now drugs. Two yrs. ago, I began having migraines from vitamins & was due to magnesium stearate. Two yrs. later, I couldn't even tolerate any small amount in drugs. Had to stop one drug, became very sick, & now I'm taking a very low dosage of a drug that has allowed me to eat more food as I was down to about nothing. There is a little stearate in it & I get a little reaction but the drug seems to take care of it but I still can't take vitamins & will not take any drugs which contains stearate. It is very difficult to find a prescribed drug without it either. It has been hell for me & I'm afraid I won't be able to tolerate the drug I am now taking for long. Is there a list of prescribed drugs that contains no magnesium stearate?
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Loren 6-02-2009 @ 10:10PM
Marie,
I have to say, you are the first person I have EVER found that has as adverse a reaction as myself to Magnesium Stearate! I've been thinking i'm crazy or something. It is nice to know I am not the only person who has some SERIOUS issues with the use of magnesium stearate in supplements and foods.
I have been reacting to m.s. since i was quite young, but it wasnt until a few years ago that we were able to peg down exactly what it was I was reacting to. We had gotten it narrowed down to garlic powder (which by the way is a good one to watch out for as most commercial brands are filled with the ms) and some pills and some candy like dare mints. A few years ago i started compiling a list of everything i was reacting to and sending off emails to those companies asking for complete lists of ingredients. the only thing in common was ms.
I thought at first it was only ms, but am now starting to figure it may be stearic acid as well (I believe i may presently be reacting to yet another antihistimine, which is so wonderful since I'm running out of types to try and without antihistimine, my allergies will quickly get out of hand and i will be even worse off!).
As you said, trying to find ANY kind of pill without it in it is nearly impossible! I will give you a bit of advice though - try and find a "compounding" pharmacist near you (if you havent already) as they are able to make many prescriptions in any format you need and as they make it from scratch, can indeed gaurentee it is safe for us. I've had a lot of success lately with mine.
My reaction to Mag. St. has consisted mostly of intense digestive reactions - horrible gas and bloating (awful chemical/rotten smelling burps), bad indigestion, and then diarrhea. While not neccesarily as bad as migraines, it is definatly enough to keep me FAR away from it whenever I can!
I'm glad to hear that people are starting to bring attention to this substance in our food. It is definately a toxin as far as I'm concerned.
What is frustrating is when there are companies and research groups that say there is "no human evidence" that says it is harmful to people. So what are we exactly?
Healthy Foodie 6-03-2009 @ 1:59PM
Hi Marie and Loren,
I think it's important to differentiate between something that is toxic and something a few people have an allergic reaction to. Peanuts are deadly to a small percentage of the population but perfectly healthy for the rest, for example. You wouldn't recall all products with peanuts because a small minority reacts to them. This would leave very few foods for our population to eat! In my research I did come across a number of references to magnesium stearate allergy, but this should not be confused with the additive being toxic to the whole population.
Finding a compounding pharmacist is great advice. I also would recommend you both try some form of allergy elimination protocol to help with your problem.
Eva Walker 4-15-2010 @ 8:16PM
I have casein intolorance and find that the animal based magnesium stearate give me the same reaction I get from casien.When I get pills with vegetable base magnesium stearate I don't get an allergic reaction from it.
Marj W 4-27-2010 @ 3:13AM
What a relief to find this blog! I knew I wasn't alone in hypersensitivity to mag stearate. Finally decided to search Yahoo instead of Google.
Begin by going to Merck's website, checking the mandated Safe Handling Instructions for magnesium stearate. Eye opening. Workers handling the raw bulk product must wear coveralls, boots, gloves, goggles and breathing aparatus due to ms's toxicity to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Not toxic? What about those miniscule amounts taken into our bodies for days, weeks, years. And from how many sources? What's the real accumulated effect for the sake of a cheap, readily available and widely used binder and manufacturing lubricant?
My first symptom, cause undiscovered for two years, was, as one optometrist put it, "the dryest eyes I've seen in 35 years of practice." I used drops for extreme dry eye many times a day (ever notice how many eye lubricants are on store shelves?), even nighttime oil-based gels in daylight, worked in a darkened room with my computer monitor dimmed, wearing sunglasses due to extreme light sensitivity, aka phhotosensitivity. Drove with one eye closed as both eyes was too much light. Dreaded sunny days. Wore sunglasses all the time, even to watch TV. My lids dragging over the surface of my eyes felt like sandpaper. Embarrassed because I squinted all the time, blinked constantly, developed a deep furrow between my eyebrows.
I was taking many supplements and meds with ms in them...2 large glucophage tabs per day for Type 2 diabetes, maxzide, vitamins C, D, and iron tablets, 3 large calcium supplements, ibuprofen, Paxil and later Effexor for genetic depression. Lots of ms going into me every day. In despiration I even sought relief from holistic and alternative medicine, none of which worked.
One day, voila!, I noticed the common ingredient, magnesium stearate, and have been able to switch all my meds but one to non-ms containing products, i.e., liquids or gelcaps. Those I couldn't replace I substituted naturally, like diluted vinegar for the diuretic Maxzide. Riomet solution for diabetes, calcium chews, gelcaps for IBUs, Cymbalta as an antidepressant. For an antibiotic, when needed, I take Amoxicillin. Children's liquid meds are an alternative. And, as others have said, compounding pharmacies.
I also have a sensitivity to magnesium-loaded foods. My own personal sensitivity...we all have our metabolic triggers. Both magnesium and magnesium stearate have the same effect on me: as a stimulant, depressant and anxiety agent (tight shoulder muscles my first clue). I've learned to control my intake of magnesium to the required 320/day for a mature woman by eating the most mag-loaded foods evenly spaced and before 3pm. The Nutrition Almanac helps me judge what foods to eat when, and how much. I avoid the most loaded foods altogether, like oats, soy, yogurt, salmon, tuna, almonds, corn, canteloupe, beans...the "healthy" stuff. Others I skip or eat only in small portions at dinner and before bed, or I'm too stimulated to sleep. Now and then, as when eating out or at friends', magnesium is unavoidable. That's when I'm up to 3, 4 or 5 in the morning until the stimulation wears off. It's an annoyance, but do-able.
My best advice: listen to your body. Trust what it tells you. Experiment with what works and what doesn't. Respect that we're all created individually with our own quirks and sensitivities. Ignore the so-called experts who insist we don't know what we're talking about because ms is only used in miniscule amounts and is completely safe. We do know. Experience is our best teacher.
I suspect that ranting against the pharmaceutical and supplement manufacturers is for now a futile effort, though who knows what a coalition of us could do. Doctors don't understand. I'm just glad I found the Safe Handling Instructions for magnesium stearate. You won't convince me we aren't poisoning ourselves by using it, even in tiny doses. And it's everywhere! Be aware for our loved ones, too. Read labels, do on-line searches for other products you'd never suspect of containing ms, like hard candy and lipstick.
I think we're on to something.....
Marj W
Brenda 4-30-2010 @ 11:36AM
Having been in the pharmaceutical industry for 20 years, I realized that I was having severe allergic reactions to numerous drugs made by TEVA Pharmaceuticals. I called and spoke with their Pharm D and sure enough, magnesium stearate was the common denominator. I also had taken numerous vitamins over the years.
I am going to find myself a compounding pharmacist and also be certain that I do not take any vitamins or drugs that contain this product. I would love to have a list of products that are high in magnesium stearate if anyone has that information.
My allergic reactions range from severe hives, migraines, myalgia's to full blown anaphylaxis.
Marj W 5-25-2010 @ 10:27PM
Hi, Marie,
I've been onto magnesium stearate as an allergen for 2 years, and I, too, avoid stearates in general. I've managed to change several meds and supplements by asking my pharmacist, who either came up with substitute meds or pointed me to where I could look online. Sometimes the answer is the children's version of a med, which is usually a liquid. I also google or yahoo a category such as diabetic meds, antidepressants, diuretics, cholesterol meds, and look at the ingredients. That's how I found a liquid substitute for metformin, my diabetic med. It costs more, but is necessary. I do calcium chews, Costco's sugar-free version.
You can also go to a compounding pharmacy...just call to see if they are one, they're usually independents. They make pills from scratch and can eliminate ms.
Other supplements I've just stopped taking. I got a book on nutrition to see what I need to eat/drink instead to get things like vitamins, iron, potassium, etc.
Also, become aware through a nutrition guide how much magnesium is in the foods you eat as they might be affecting you, too. Highest are soy products, oats, salmon/halibut/mackeral/scallops, corn and corn products, yogurt, almonds, darkest leafy greens, canteloupe. I once bought them all while on vacation because they're so "healthy," became extremely physically/mentally tense, then wondered why. I now eat them in very small amounts or avoid them entirely, and eat foods with moderate to high levels of magnesium earlier in the day so they won't affect sleep. I've spent many nights with no sleep at all as magnesium and other stimulants like cinnamon, curry and ginger make me very alert. It's difficult, too, when eating out where I have less control over hidden ingredients. A lot of seafood or any protein eaten late is a no-no. I doggie-bag it. I also use a prescription sleep aid when necessary to stay functional. It's a drag I'd like to avoid, but part of life now.
An excellent book that breaks down all the foods into vitamins, minerals, etc. is a large paperback, "Nutrition Almanac." I'm making a list of magnesium levels from low to high of all food categories in the Almanac for my doctor, who's fascinated and believes this may be a major unknown issue. Someone who listened and believes!
Best of luck to you...
Marj W
jose noel mata 6-02-2009 @ 1:22PM
Hi my name is jose and I am very concern about this issue of the magnesium stearate because I use lots of supplent daily,and I also recomend them and cell them,I buy them from Herbalife company.Please tell me more about this issue and if you know about how responsible this company is.
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theresa 7-07-2010 @ 12:25AM
Premier Research labs have no magnesium stearate in any of there products and Dr. mercola hope this helps!!!!!
Metalmum 10-18-2009 @ 1:22PM
I've been having the hives for a couple of weeks now, I went to an allergy specialist who prescibed an epi-pen and told me to get off clarytin in order to get me tested. I just noticed last week that the hives came back after I began taking HAIR High Potency Vitamin & Mineral Supplement. After reading the label I noticed it has Magnesium Stearate and also my time release Vitamin C tablets contain this ingredient....So I'm thinking I might be allergic to this chemical and after I read the comments posted here I'm pretty sure it might be toxic. I've had a history of allergies all my life so I'm sure my body is reacting to this stuff.
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LynneMarie 11-03-2009 @ 12:04AM
Hi
I am covered in hives and have recently started taking genacol, which contains ms, it also contains titanium dioxide.
I don't know that I have every had either of these or in much of any amount, but I am covered right now, and quite concerned
Open to hear more
Thank you
LynneMarie
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Nancy K 1-31-2010 @ 5:40PM
I have been allergic to ms for over 20 years. I finally narrowed it down by going through all the medicines I couldn't take because of various reactions. The only common ingredient was ms. I have inadvertently since taken medicines and/or supplements containing ms and always react in one way or another. the last incident involved Lidoderm Patches and I was sick for two weeks. I only used them for two days. The restless leg syndrome was terrible - a condition I had not had before and now have to take medicine for it daily. My doctor prescribed Vitamin D for me but, I haven't been able to find any (even on the Web) without ms. I talked with my compounding pharmacist and he said he could make it with a prescription from my doctor.
andre 12-08-2009 @ 11:13AM
I have been bothered by hives and facial swelling for a couple of years--lips, jaw and even my tongue once. An allergist thought they might be due to titanium dioxide, a common ingredient in the medications I was taking. Further tests proved inconclusive. I now believe that magnesium stearate might be the cause as it too appears as an ingredient in most medications and vitamins. Are medications available in gel or liquid form that won't contain these ingredients? I beleive that some are but your doctor must write the prescription differently.
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Liz 1-07-2010 @ 9:02PM
Dear Marie and Loren,
You can add me, my daughter and son to your Magnesium Stearate (MS) club. If we have to take medicine, I make sure it is capsule that can be opened. Then mix the content in apple butter. Discard the capsule, where the MS has the highest concentration. We use apple butter instead of something the kids like - so we don't turn the kids off on something they like, ie applesauce - jelly etc. Hope this helps =O)
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RJ 2-07-2010 @ 1:21PM
Magnesium Stearate is not the only problem, any stearate, such as Zinc Stearate, Calcium Stearate, along with steric acid is likely to cause all sorts of reactions to people who are more sensitive than others. I say more because I am convinced that it is toxic, not just some genetic allergy problem folks like us were born with. When I take any of these products both the palms of my hands and the soles of my feet break out in blisters. Certainly those who are or have become sensitive to anything are more likely to demonstrate affects from it. What I have found is that sterates, particularly as used within the pill manufacturing industry, are used as a lubricant so the machinery will produce more pills per minute, than it could without such a lubricant. Also manufactures of processed foods use these stearates (Hydrogenated Fats) to increase the shelf life of their products. Problem is, most stearates in this country are being derived from cotton seed oil. Cotton is the most chemically laden crop in the United States. In fact, it has long since been genetically engineered to internally accept pesticides and herbicides. So, it isn’t just a matter of cleaning off these chemicals, it’s a matter of these toxins being a living part within them. As I see it, you are allergic to toxins, we all are. It’s just that some of us are more sensitive than others and show it more readily. However, it is just as likely that most everyone is demonstrating some level of reaction to these chemicals as well, though not as obvious. So we should all be avoiding them – they are everywhere.
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Karen 2-20-2010 @ 2:52AM
reply to Nancy above:
Here is a source for pure vitamin D with no magnesium stearate. I have not ordered from them and I am not affiliated in any way.
http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/d3-serum.php
Take care.
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Brian Wilson 4-13-2010 @ 12:36PM
I've had type 1 diabetes for 40 years and a renal transplant for 14. Since 1990 I've had some unexplained symptons. After making some observations I determined something in my supplements was causing these problems. Upon replacing them with supplements that didn't have magnesium stearate there have been some amazing results. I'll skip the subjective results and give the changes in lab results.
My kidney graft has been slowly failing (this is expected). I have been mildly anemic for nearly a year and my gomarular filtration rate is below normal indicating chronic renal disease. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of red blood cells has also been iniexplicitly high and has been for nearly a year as well.
One month after eliminating most of the magnesium stearate I was taking (my medications still have it in them) the results were amazing.
Red blood cell count, hemogobin, and hematocrit rose from slightly below normal (anemic) to within normal. Despite being told that once the kidney starts to fail and cannot produce enough blood the condition cannot be reversed, I have found some supplements that do restore some function. So, in itself, this is not unusual, at least for me.
Bilirubin has gone from 1.4 mg/dl down to 0.5. The reference range for bilirubin is 0.00-1.00. It has been rising steadily over the last year from 1.1 to the 1.4 mg/dl stated above. After 5 days off magnesium stearate it dropped to 0.9 and a month later it was at the 0.5 mg/dl stated above. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of red blood cells. A high reading indicates an above normal breakdown of red blood cells or impaired liver function.
Glomarular filtration rate (GFR) has been steadily falling for a year. On 5/7/09 it was 58 mL/min, which is considered chronic renal disease (>60 normal). By 10/7/09 it had dropped to 52.4 mL/min. I had started at that time on Essiac tea, which is considered a toxin cleanser. After a month on that my GMR rose to 56.8 and remained there. A month after replacing my supplements for magnesium stearate free ones my GMR rose to 61.9. Within the normal range and a significant rise of nearly 10 mL/min from 10/7/09. To my knowledge this is medically impossible.
My partner has never been able to take calcium supplements. Nor could she take a supplement that had even a small amount of calcium in it as a filler (listed under other ingredients). After about 3 days her joints hurt. She could however consume food that was high in calcium and food that was fortified with calcium. Upon eliminating magnesium stearate she can take calcium supplements without a problem.
There is a reason why I speculate that only 1% of the population is effected adversely by taking magnesium stearate (long story). If this is true it would not be apparent from the studies people are quoting to maintain magnesium stearate is safe. The studies are to small and are often done on rodents. You would need a study group of 1,000 people for statistically accurate results. None have been done to my knowledge.
There are 24 milliion diabetics in the U.S. If 1% were adversely effected by magnesium stearate then 240,000 would be made sick or have impaired function just from the magnesium stearate in their medication. Since the impairment and side effects would be considered normal for the disease and/or drug there would be no reason to suspect magnesium stearate as a contributing factor. Considering the many more people on prescription medication and you may have over 1 million people in the U.S. alone that are adversely effected by magnesium stearate to a clinically significant degree.
This makes it well worth studying and providing alternatives to drugs and supplements that contain magnesium stearate. Liquid and gelcaps do not contain magnesium stearate. This gives some opportunity to choose ms free products. I suspect that some of the ms free supplements I'm currently using do not contain the listed ingredient to the degree stated. While ms may effect some of us it is there for a good reason.
Stearic acid is a different beast from ms. For those who think stearic acid is also a problem I might ask if you can tollerate chocolate. It contains far more stearic acid than any supplement or drug. If you tolerate chocolate or other natural products containing stearic acid (there's a lot) then choosing drugs/supplements containing stearic acid gives you an added alternative to ms.
Brian W. RD, LDN
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Thomas 4-18-2010 @ 11:55PM
The thing is, there are a number of supplement makers who do not use magnesium stearate and seem to get the right amount of product in their formulas. (MegaFood, New Chapter, Ultra Labs, Wild Oregon Harvest, HealthForce, Pure Planet, to name a few). If I can get a supplement that does not have mag stearate in it, I will certainly choose it over one that does. I vote with my dollars, as Dr. Mercola suggests.
I choose supplements that contain NO excipients, whenever possible.
Cigarette manufacturers used to say there was no "proof" that smoking was harmful to your health, and then how many decades did it take for processed-food makers to admit that trans-fat was harmful? Supplement makers would be well advised to raise a hand and feel which way the wind is blowing-- away from excipient-laden synthetic isolates (no different than drugs) and more towards organic, whole-food, additive-free supplements.
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Maria 4-21-2010 @ 2:54PM
Since 10 or over 10 years I was using some medications which contained magnesium stearate (not only) and now in last moment about 5 month ago I stopped taking those medication, because they would kill me. At least since 6 years I was living in severe pain. No one from doctors wanted to listen to me. They treated me like I would be crazy. Yes, I am crazy that I allow them to poison me. Now, I am poudering how they could do it to me. They are ignorants. They are not doctors they are businesspeopole.
Maria
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Howtogetwell 6-25-2010 @ 2:04AM
First, because Stearic acid is an entirely different compound than magnesium stearate, the safety of stearic acid and how often it occurs in natural foods is completely irrelivent.
Second, the problem with magnesium stearate is that once ingested, the body can not dissolve it. Since the body can not dissolve magnesium stearate, the wonderful lubricating,coating and binding properties that make magnesium stearate so uselful in the process of making pills has the potential to coat the intestines.
The last thing in the world we need to do is coat the intestines with a slimy slipery film.
Instead of irrelivent comments about stearic acid, please address how you think the body can remove magnesium stearate and what prevents it from accumulating on the intestine like the bathtub ring that is so difficult to remove.
Gary Springer
Perfect Health Institute
http://www.PerfectHealthInstitute.com
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